META DATA OF 1998 CENSUS AND CIPS 2004

Adolescent Population

Persons between the age of 15 and 19.

Adult Literacy Rate

Percentage of persons aged 15 and above who can read and write

Age

Total years completed by a person on his/her last birthday.

Age Accuracy Index

It is derived by taking the average deviations (without regard to sign) from 100 of the age ratios over all ages. The sum of the deviations from 100 of the age ratios for males is divided by the number of age groups and the mean deviation for males is obtained. By the same procedure mean deviation for females is obtained. The average of the mean deviations of males and females is a measure of the overall accuracy of the age data of a country. The lower the age accuracy index, more accurate the age data would appear to be.

Age Dependency Ratio

The percentage of population in the younger (0-14) and older (65 +) age groups to population in the age group 15-64.

Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR)

The number of births occurring during a 12 month period to women of a specified age group per woman in that age group.

Age Ratio

An age ratio is the ratio of the population in the given age group to one-third of the sum of the population in the age group itself and the preceding and the following groups times 100.

 Annual Exponential Growth Rate

r = (loge Pt – loge Po) / t

Pt = Poert

Where, Po is the population at the base year, Pt is the population at the year 't' and 't' is the number of years between Po and Pt. Here the compounding with the rate of growth 'r' is done on a continuous basis.

Average Household Size

This is the average number of persons in normal or regular households (i.e. excluding institutional and homeless households and households of boat and transient population).

Building

Building refers generally to a single structure on the ground. Sometimes it is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwelling (residence) or establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, work sheds, schools, place of entertainments, place of worship, stores, etc. It is also possible that buildings, which have components units, may be used for a combination of purpose such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence, etc.

Child Mortality Rate (CMR)  

The probability of dying between exact age 1 and exact age 5. The CMR is often approximated as the number of deaths of children ages 1-4 in a year per 1,000 live births in that year.

Children Ever Born (CEB)

The number of children ever born alive to a woman.

Children Ever Borne (Parity)

The number of children ever borne alive by a woman.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births in a year per thousand population.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per thousand population in a given year.

Density of Population

It is the number of persons per square kilometer (km2) of a given area

Duration of Residence

It is the interval of time up to the date of the census, expressed in complete years, during which each person has lived in the locality (village) that is his or her residence.

Economically active and Inactive Population  

The economically active population or the labour force consisted of the employed and unemployed among those aged 7 and above. Unemployed is divided into unemployed (employed any time before) and unemployed (never employed any time before).

Economically Inactive population includes homemakers, full time students, dependents, rent-receivers, retired people, and other categories of income recipients, and others who are neither employed nor unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned.   

The reference period for economic characteristics is the one year proceeding the census date. Main activity is defined as the activity during at least 6 months (183 days) or more during that year.

Educational Level (Census)

Educational level refers to completed level. The classification of educational level adopted in the census is shown below along with the corresponding grades completed (within brackets):

Primary Not Completed (Grades 1 to 5),

Primary (Grades 6 to 8),

Lower Secondary (Grades 9 to 11),

Secondary School/Diploma (Grades 12 to 13),

Undergraduate (Grade 14),

Graduate/Degree Holder (Grade 15) and

Post Graduate (Grade 16).

Educational Level (CIPS)

The school system in Cambodia from 1979 to1996 and revised up to 2004 consisted of six years of primary schools, three years of lower secondary school and three years of secondary school. Therefore, the following means of converting the highest grade completed to the highest level completed was used.

Employed

Comprises all persons aged 7 and above who were in the following categories for

6 months (183 days) or more during the one year preceding the survey date:

(i)      Persons who were in paid employment (e.g. Working in public or private organization etc).

(ii)     Persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage, salary, profit or family gain in cash or kind.

(iii)    Persons who did not do any work for pay or profit during the reference period although they had a job to which they could return (e.g. off season workers like farmers or fishermen), those on sick leave or leave without pay, those who could not work due to strike or lockout in the organization they were working.

(iv)     Persons who were self employed (e.g. Running a shop by himself or herself, selling eatables, practicing as doctors, lawyer etc).

Employment Rate

Percentage of employed persons to economically active persons.

Expectation of life at birth or life expectancy at birth 

It is the average number of years that a member of a “cohort” of births would be expected to live if the cohort were subject to the mortality conditions expressed by a particular set of “age specific mortality rates”.

Ever married 

A person who has been married once at least in his/her life-time. The number of ever-married population is obtained by adding together currently married, widowed, separated or divorced persons.

Fertility

Fertility is defined as the childbearing performance of woman or group of women measured in terms of the actual number of children born

Head of Household

For census and survey purposes is a person who is recognized as such in household. He or she is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for management of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household. The head of household need not necessarily be the oldest member, but may be a female member or a younger member of either sex. The name of the person who is recognized by the household as its head was recorded. In the case of an absentee de jure “Head ”, the person on whom the responsibility of managing the affaires of the household falls at the time of houselisting, was regarded as the Head.

Household

A group of persons who commonly live together and would take meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. They may be a household of persons related by blood or a household of unrelated persons or having a mix of both.

Household Headship Rate

The number of male or female heads of household per 100 population of the same sex in a given group.

Household Type

The different types of household for the census purposes are: 1. Normal or regular household 2. Institutional household (i.e. household of unrelated persons like boarding houses, hostels, residential hotels, jails, pagodas etc.), 3. Homeless households (i.e. households who do not live in a building, like those who live in open space, road-side, park, pavement etc.), 4. Households of boat population or persons living in boats which are on the move and 5. Households of transient population i.e. those who stayed on census night in airports, railway stations, bus terminals, harbours, ships etc. or nomadic population who camped in a village site on census night.

Inactive Population

The employed and unemployed constitute economically active population. Those who are not employed or unemployed spend most of their time as homes makers, students etc. which are not considered as economically active and hence they are called inactive population.

Industrial Sector

Industry (or branch of economic activity) refers to the activity of the establishment or enterprise in which the individual works. Industries are grouped according to following sectors:

Primary Sector: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, and Fishing.

Secondary Sector: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water supply, and Construction.

Tertiary Sector: Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and communication; financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities, public administration and defense, compulsory social security, education, health and social work, and other community, social and personal service activities, private households with employed persons, and extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of deaths of infants under age one year per 1000 of live births in a given year.

Industrial Categories and Occupational Groups

Industrial Categories 

 1-Agriculture, hunting and forestry, 2-Fishing,  3-Mining and Quarrying, 

4-Manufacturing,  5-Electricity, gas and water supply,  6-Construction,  7-Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycle and personal and  household goods,  8-Hotels and Restaurant, 9-Transport, storage and communication,  10-Financial inter-mediation, 11-Real Estate, renting and business activities, 12-Public Administration and defence, compulsory social security,  13-Education,  14-Health and Social work,  15-Other community social and personal service activities, 16-Private household with employed persons, 17-Extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Life Expectancy of life at Birth (e0) 

It is the average number of years that a member of a “cohort” of births would be expected to live if the cohort were subject to the mortality conditions expressed by a particular set of “age specific mortality rates”.

Literacy

The ability to read and write with understanding in any language. A person is a literate when he can both read and write a simple message in any language or dialect. A person who cannot both read and write a simple message is considered illiterate. Also to be considered as illiterate is that person who is capable of reading only his own name or numbers, as well as persons who can read but not write, or vice versa.

For census 1998, all children of the age of 6 years or less are treated as illiterate. Hence general literacy rate is calculated as the percentage of literate persons in total population excluding children aged 0 to 6.

For CIPS. 2004, children aged 0-5 were treated as illiterates by definition even if a few them could read and write.

Live Birth

The complete expulsion (delivery) or extraction from its mother of a product of conception (baby), irrespective of the duration of pregnancy. The baby after such separation, breathes or shows other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such birth is considered as live birth.

Main Activity During Last Year

The activity of a person during 6 months (184 days) or more in the one year preceding the reference date of the survey.

Major groups of Occupation

1-Legislators, Senior officials and Managers, 2-Professionals, 3- Technicians and Associate  professionals 4- Clerks, 5- Service workers and Shop and Market   sales workers, 6- Skilled Agricultural and Fisheries workers,  7- Craft and Related workers, 8- Plant and Machine operators and assemblers, 9- Elementary Occupations, 10-Armed forces.

Marital Status

Four categories were used in the enumeration:

       Never Married    

 Married   

 Widowed 

 Divorced 

During the enumeration, persons who had never entered into any form of marital union were recorded as Never Married.  All persons who defined themselves as married were recorded as Married.  Persons who were widowed or divorced but had married at the time of enumeration were recorded as married.  All persons who, at the time of the enumeration, were contractually married but were not living as a man and wife, were also included under married category.  Both legal and de facto separations were recorded as Separated.

Maternal Mortality

The number of women who die as result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year. Death due to complication of spontaneous or induced abortion is included.

Mean Age of Child Bearing 

The average age at which a mortality free "cohort" of women bear their children according to a set of  "age-specific fertility rates".

Median Age

The age, which divides the population into two equal size groups, one of which is younger and the other is older than the median. It corresponds to the 50-percentile mark in the distribution.

Migrant

A migrant is defined as a person who had moved to the place (village) of enumeration from last previous place of residence. Recent migrant refers to a person who had moved to the place of enumeration (village) from another previous residence within the five years preceding the census date . Life-time migrant refers to a person born outside his/her place of enumeration (village). "Total migrants" or "All migrants" refers to migrants of all duration of stay.

Myer’s Index

This is a measure of heaping on individual ages or terminal digits. The tendency of enumerators or respondents to report certain ages at the expense of others is called age heaping, age preference or digit preference (e.g. ages ending in 0 or 5). The theoretical range of Myer’s index extends from the minimum of 0, when there is neither preference nor avoidance of any particular digit at all, to the maximum of 90 when all ages are reported in a single terminal digit. For the method of calculation of Myer’s index please refer to “The Methods and Materials of Demography” by Henry S. Shryock, Jacob S. Siegel and Associates. Academic Press, Inc. New York.

Natural Regions

The Natural Regions and the provinces falling in each of them are given below:

Plain:                                Phnom Penh, Kandal, Kampong Cham, Svay Rieng, Prey Veaeng and Takaev.

Tonle Sap:                        Kampong Thum, Siem Reab, Bat Dambang, Pousat, Kampong Chhnang, Banteay Mean Chey, Otdar Mean Chey and Krong Pailin.

Coastal:                            Krong Preah Sihanouk, Kampot, Krong Kaeb and Kaoh Kong.

Plateau and Mountain:        Kampong Spueu, Stueng Traeng, Rotanak Kiri, Mondol Kiri, Kracheh and Preah Vihear.

Nature of Industry, Trade or Service

Refers to the sector of economy in which a person worked. Examples are: Cultivation, fishing, livestock rearing, selling of vegetables, automobile repairs, manufacture of toys, transport service, school or educational service, sale of clothes (retail), manufacture of eatables etc. If a person works as sales assistant in a Gas Station his occupation is sales person and the nature of his trade is retail sale of petrol.

Occupation

The name of the job a person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.)

Occupational Categories

Occupation refers to the kind of work done during the time-reference period established for data on economic characteristics by the person employed (or performed previously by the unemployed) irrespective of the industry or the status in which the person should be classified.

Major Groups of Occupations as defined in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) and used in the 1998 Population Census are:

1.      Legislators, Senior Officials and Managers,

2.      Professionals,

3.      Technicians and Associate  Professionals

4.      Clerks,

5.      Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers,

6.      Skilled Agricultural and Fisheries Workers, 

7.      Craft and Related Workers,

8.      Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers,

9.      Elementary Occupations,

10.    Armed Forces.

For the analysis in this report, occupation has been grouped into the following broad categories

            White collar: Major Groups 1+2+3+4

Blue collar: Major Groups 5+6+7+8+9 – Minor Group 941 (agriculture,   

fishery and related labourers)

            Agriculture and Fishery Workers: Major Groups 6 + Minor Group 941

            Armed Forces: Major Group 10.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in a population

Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage (SMAM)

This is an indirect method to estimate mean age at first marriage. This is applied for calculating age at marriage. In short, this method is used to approximate the mean number of years lived by an assumed cohort of women before their first marriage on the basis of the data as the percentage never-married or single by age.

Place of Birth

Place birth refers to village of birth in Cambodia or another country as the case may be.  Actually, the place of birth is the place where the person’s mother was residing at the time of his/her birth.

Place of Enumeration

It is the place (village) where the person slept on the night preceding the census day and enumerated.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The total fertility rate is the number of children which a woman of hypothetical cohort would bear during her life time if she were to bear children through out her life at the rates specific by the schedule of age specific fertility rates for the particular year and if none of them dies before crossing the age of reproduction.

Therefore total fertility rate is the number of births a women would have if she experienced a given set of age specific birth rates throughout her reproductive span. It is the sum of age-specific fertility rates.

Unemployed

All persons aged 7 and above who were without work, but were seeking work or available for work for 6 months (183 days) or more during the one year preceding the survey date.

Unemployment Rate

The number of unemployed persons divided by the total number of economically active population multiplied by 100.

Urban and Rural

In all provinces, districts containing provincial headquarter towns are treated as urban areas. Krong Preah Sihanouk, Krong Kaeb and Krong Pailin are treated as entirely urban. In Phnom Penh municipality, the four districts or khands of Doun Penh, Chamkar Mon, Prampir Meakkakra and Tuol Kouk are classified as urban. All the remaining areas in the country are treated as rural.

Whipple’s Index

Whipple’s Index is a measure of preference for ages ending in 0 and 5. Its range is from 100, indicating no preference for 0 and 5, up to 500 indicating that only 0 and 5 were reported.

Work

Any economically productive activity that person does for pay (in cash or kind, in any establishment, office, farm, private house) or profit; or without pay on family farm or enterprise. Except in the case of unpaid family worker, other workers should do work for pay or profit, by definition. Hence work for which no payment is received is not deemed as work for the purpose of the survey (e.g. Free social work).