1. Adult literacy (15+) by geographical domain and sex
Percent. 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Domain Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 59.9 80.3 69.4 66.0 85.3 75.1 67.7 84.6 75.6 65.9 82.7 73.9 69.1 85.1 76.7 72.6 87.8 79.9 73.2 86.9 79.7
Phnom Penh 86.6 96.8 91.3 88.7 97.4 92.7 88.9 96.9 92.6 89.0 97.2 92.7 88.7 97.4 92.9 94.7 98.5 96.6 89.8 98.4 93.8
Other urban 71.2 85.9 78.1 68.5 86.1 77.4 77.6 89.7 83.2 80.0 92.8 86.1 81.7 92.5 86.6 82.1 94.9 88.1 81.3 91.8 86.4
Other rural 54.4 77.1 65.0 62.4 83.4 72.2 63.2 82.2 72.1 60.6 79.4 69.5 64.6 82.4 73.1 68.0 85.2 76.2 69.2 84.2 76.3
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
2. Literacy among population 7 years and over (from 2012, 6 years and over) by geographical domain and sex 
Percent. 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Domain Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 60.5 74.8 67.4 66.0 79.7 72.6 67.7 80.7 74.0 66.8 79.1 72.7 69.9 80.9 75.2 72.5 83.7 77.9 70.6 81.1 75.7
Phnom Penh 86.4 95.4 90.7 88.7 95.1 91.7 87.7 95.0 91.1 89.3 96.2 92.5 87.6 95.8 91.6 93.3 96.6 94.9 70.6 81.1 75.7
Other urban 71.9 82.5 77.0 68.6 82.2 75.2 75.6 87.4 81.2 79.9 89.6 84.6 81.2 87.8 84.3 80.4 90.9 85.4 70.6 81.1 75.7
Other rural 55.6 71.1 63.0 62.7 77.4 69.8 64.0 78.0 70.7 62.0 75.7 68.6 66.1 78.2 71.9 68.5 80.8 74.5 70.6 81.1 75.7
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
3. Literacy by age group (7+) and sex (from 2012, 6 years and over)
Percent.                                
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
7+ 60.5 74.8 67.4 66 79.7 72.6 67.7 80.7 74.0 66.8 79.1 72.7 69.9 80.9 75.2 72.5 83.7 77.9 70.6 81.1 75.7
7-14 62.5 60.4 61.4 66.1 62.5 64.3 67.9 68.0 68.0 70.3 66.6 68.4 73.2 65.9 69.5 71.8 68.6 70.1 61.2 62.2 61.7
15-24 76.8 84.1 80.4 84.4 91.3 87.8 87.9 89.6 88.8 85.8 88.3 87.1 88.2 89.4 88.8 91.3 91.6 91.5 91.3 92.8 92.1
25-34 63.7 79.5 71.4 69.9 80.7 75.2 71.7 85.3 78.4 69.0 81.3 74.9 74.9 85.7 80.2 79.2 90.2 84.6 78.3 86.8 82.6
35-44 56.6 77.0 66.0 64.1 84.7 73.8 67.0 82.1 73.9 63.5 80.6 71.6 66.8 83.5 74.6 69.3 85.1 76.8 74.2 83.5 78.7
45-54 54.6 81.2 65.7 59.4 81.6 68.9 58.9 81.6 69.0 54.6 77.2 64.5 58.5 79 67.6 62.6 83.1 72 61.9 82.3 71.1
55-64 37.2 81.5 55.8 45.4 87.5 63.2 47.6 80.5 61.6 51.2 83.6 65.1 49.8 86.4 65 54.9 84.7 67.3 56.2 85.7 68.1
65+ 14.3 64.8 35.1 17.1 72.6 38.8 19.6 74.0 43.0 18.6 70.4 40.1 22.4 72.5 42.9 25.9 75.5 45.2 26.1 75 46.3
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
4. Person currently attending school of persons 6-24 years of age by geographical domain and sex
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 53.8 61 57.4 56 62.4 59.2 55.6 61.6 58.7 53.5 58.4 56.0 56.5 59.2 57.9 56 61 58.6 56.8 60.1 58.5
Phnom Penh 61.9 74.1 67.8 60.2 72.6 66.1 64.6 76.2 70 58.9 73.3 65.9 60.3 72.3 66.2 62.2 74.4 68.4 59.7 72.3 66.1
Other urban 56.6 65.8 61.3 65 66.6 65.8 57.7 66.3 62 57.2 65.1 61.2 58.6 68.5 63.6 62.7 64.4 63.5 62.5 67.8 65.3
Other rural 52.4 58.8 56 54.3 60.8 57.6 54.3 59.5 57 52.4 56 54.2 55.8 56.6 56.2 54.4 59 56.7 55.6 57.3 56.5
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
5. Person currently attending school of persons 6-24 years of age by age group and sex
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
6-24 53.8 61.0 57.4 56.0 62.4 59.2 55.6 61.6 58.7 53.5 58.4 56.0 56.5 59.2 57.9 56.0 61.0 58.6 56.8 60.1 58.5
6-14 81.2 82.6 81.9 85.7 86.3 86.0 86.7 86.7 86.7 84.5 83.9 84.2 88.7 86.0 87.3 87.5 87.8 87.6 89.3 88.1 88.7
15-24 25.7 37.2 31.4 27.8 37.8 32.7 28.1 35.7 31.8 26.0 34.9 30.5 27.4 35.0 31.3 27.3 36.7 32.1 26.8 33.4 30.1
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
6. Persons who are currently attending school by level and sex
Percent.
Level 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Pre-primary 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.9
Primary 75.7 72.6 74.0 67.0 66.3 66.6 65.0 64.0 64.5 65.1 62.0 63.5 65.1 60.4 62.7 63.5 61.4 62.4 3.2 2.6 2.9
Lower secondary 15.3 15.8 15.6 20.2 19.6 19.9 20.7 19.9 20.2 18.8 18.9 18.8 17.9 18.5 18.2 17.6 17.1 17.3 3.2 2.6 2.9
Upper secondary - Technical/vocational pre-secondary diploma/certificate 6.0 7.6 6.9 9.1 9.7 9.4 10.0 11.0 10.5 10.2 12.2 11.3 10.7 12.5 11.6 11.2 12.8 12.0 3.2 2.6 2.9
Technical/vocational post-secondary  diploma/certificate - Undergraduate/graduate 1.9 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 5.1 4.5 3.4 6.0 4.8 4.9 6.5 5.8 3.2 2.6 2.9
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3.2 2.6 2.9
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
7. Net attendance rates in primary school by geographical domain and sex (age 6-11)
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 75.9 77.2 76.6 82.1 81.0 81.5 83.9 83.4 83.6 82.1 80.2 81.1 87.9 83.4 85.6 83.4 85.2 84.3 85.8 86.3 86.1
Phnom Penh 87.2 90.1 88.8 87.2 86.2 86.7 91.5 88.5 90.1 89.3 89.9 89.6 86.3 92.4 89.3 86.6 92.0 89.3 90.9 91.7 91.3
Other urban 80.5 80.7 80.6 84.7 86.1 85.2 94.1 83.7 88.9 87.7 81.3 84.5 91.0 89.6 90.2 92.3 87.2 89.9 89.6 92.0 90.8
Other rural 74.5 75.8 75.2 81.3 80.1 80.7 82.1 83.0 82.5 80.9 79.2 80.1 87.7 81.9 84.8 82.0 84.3 83.2 84.8 84.9 84.8
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
8. Net attendance rates in lower secondary school by geographical domain and sex (age 12-14)
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 17.5 16.3 16.9 30.3 26.9 28.7 31.2 27.7 29.3 33.1 30.0 31.5 29.7 31.8 30.8 34.6 29.8 32.2 35.2 31.1 33.1
Phnom Penh 57.2 51.8 54.4 60.5 60.9 60.7 57.9 58.2 58.1 66.7 55.9 61.0 59.1 58.5 58.8 54.5 65.4 60.3 47.9 52.4 50.4
Other urban 28.5 26.2 27.3 38.3 28.5 33.9 42.1 31.4 35.6 43.4 45.8 44.7 38.2 41.7 40.0 43.3 36.0 39.2 43.6 40.0 41.6
Other rural 12.5 11.6 12.1 25.9 23.3 24.6 27.4 24.1 25.6 29.1 25.7 27.3 26.4 28.5 27.4 31.8 25.0 28.4 32.7 27.3 29.9
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
9. Net attendance rates in upper secondary school by geographical domain and sex (age 15-17)
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 9.7 9.9 9.8 13.3 13.6 13.5 16.2 17.5 16.8 17.4 18.3 17.9 17.7 17.5 17.6 23.7 20.0 21.7 18.9 24.0 21.5
Phnom Penh 37.1 37.5 37.3 42.6 47.1 44.8 48.4 50.0 49.1 43.9 46.9 45.4 38.5 39.9 39.2 58.7 60.5 59.7 45.6 47.3 46.5
Other urban 20.3 21.6 21.0 32.0 23.0 26.9 31.8 21.9 26.9 34.2 30.3 32.1 28.8 29.1 29.0 32.1 28.1 30.4 31.7 48.7 40.3
Other rural 4.1 5.3 4.7 8.2 8.5 8.3 9.8 13.4 11.6 12.1 13.8 13.0 14.1 14.0 14.1 18.3 14.2 16.1 14.0 17.3 15.7
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
10. Attending private schools by current grade and sex                          
Percent. 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Current grade Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Primary 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.8 0.4 0.5 0.5
Lower secondary 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 - 0.2
Upper secondary - Technical/vocational pre-secondary diploma/certificate 6.3 5.7 5.9 2.9 3.5 3.2 3.6 1.6 2.5 4.7 4 4.3 1.7 3.6 2.8 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.1 0.4 1.2
Technical/vocational post-secondary  diploma/certificate - Undergraduate/graduate 76.6 73.7 74.8 84.6 74.3 78.3 66.5 81.7 75.4 70.8 69.6 70.1 69.7 67.6 68.3 67.8 74.1 71.6 65.6 64.1 64.8
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
11. Persons who are taking private lessons after school by current grade and sex
Percent.
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Primary - - - 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.5 9.5 10.0 15.0 14.0 14.5 12.6 14.0 13.3 12.6 12.3 12.4 10.0 11.1 10.5
Lower secondary - - - 48.5 41.4 44.8 45.3 43.5 44.4 45.1 42.5 43.7 50.3 46.4 48.2 41.5 39.3 40.3 41.8 40.5 41.1
Upper secondary - Technical/vocational pre-secondary diploma/certificate - - - 68.8 66.5 67.6 70.9 71.6 71.2 67.2 64.5 65.7 69.8 64.6 66.9 67.0 75.3 71.7 66.4 60.7 63.2
Technical/vocational post-secondary  diploma/certificate - Undergraduate/graduate - - - 49.6 52.7 51.5 55.9 46.5 50.4 51.5 56.3 54.4 47.9 46.6 47.1 47.0 55.6 52.2 56.8 55.4 56.0
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
12. Persons 7 years and over (from 2012, 6 years and over) who never attended school by geographical domain and sex
Percent.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Cambodia 28.8 15.1 22.2 23.3 10.5 17.1 22.5 10.5 16.7 24.5 12.8 18.9 21.3 11 16.3 19.5 9.0 14.5 18.7 9.7 14.4
Phnom Penh 9.5 2.4 6.1 8.6 2.6 5.8 9.2 2.8 6.2 8.8 2.3 5.8 8.5 2.3 5.5 3.8 1.1 2.5 7.4 2.1 4.9
Other urban 21.3 11.4 16.5 18.1 8.1 13.2 15.2 8.2 11.9 14.7 5.8 10.4 12.6 4.5 8.8 12.4 3.3 8.0 12.2 5.9 9.1
Other rural 32.3 17.2 25.1 25.9 11.8 19.1 25.2 11.7 18.7 27.9 15.0 21.7 24.1 12.9 18.7 22.7 10.9 17.0 21.4 11.5 16.7
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
13. Persosn 7 years and over (from 2012, 6 years and over) who never attended school by age group and sex
Percent.
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
7+ 28.7 15.1 22.2 23.2 10.4 17.1 22.4 10.4 16.6 24.5 12.7 18.8 21.3 11.0 16.3 19.5 9.0 14.5 18.7 9.7 14.4
7-14 11.3 11.4 11.3 5.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.8 7.9 7.4 3.5 6.2 4.9 5.2 5.9 5.6 7.7 7.7 7.7
15-24 17.5 11.5 14.5 10.5 5.5 8.0 7.9 7.0 7.5 10.5 8.4 9.5 8.7 7.6 8.2 5.9 5.0 5.5 5.8 4.9 5.4
25-34 28.6 17.2 23.1 22.4 14.8 18.6 20.9 10.8 15.9 23.9 14.5 19.4 18.6 12.1 15.4 15.9 7.7 11.8 16.1 10.0 13.0
35-44 36.8 19.7 28.9 30 13.4 22.1 27 13.4 20.8 29.9 16 23.3 26.1 14.4 20.6 26.5 12.8 20.0 20.4 13.1 16.9
45-54 40.3 16.9 30.5 35.1 15.8 26.8 34.6 15.9 26.3 39.5 19.8 30.8 35.9 17.1 27.6 31.0 14.7 23.6 30.7 15.1 23.7
55-64 57.3 17.6 40.6 46.6 11.4 31.7 45.5 17.2 33.4 44.6 15.8 32.3 42.4 12.0 29.8 40.6 14.7 29.8 37.3 12.2 27.1
65+ 82.9 34.9 63.1 78.4 23.8 57.1 76.3 23.9 53.7 77.6 27.5 56.8 73.8 25.1 53.9 68.5 23.6 51.0 68.9 22.3 49.6
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
14. Reasons for not attending school among persons 6-17 years of age who are not attending school by sex
Percent.
Reasons for not attending school 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Don’t want to 20.9 26.0 23.3 18.3 24.7 21.1 14.4 20.7 17.4 11.3 17.5 14.4 8.2 16.8 12.7 13.2 18.3 15.7 12.7 22.9 17.8
Did not do well in school 6.2 7.3 6.7 6.5 8.5 7.4 10.4 5.9 8.2 11.5 13.2 12.4 10.1 11.6 10.9 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.4 8.4 8.4
No suitable school available/school is too far - No teacher/Supplies 7.6 7.8 7.7 10.0 8.2 9.2 7.8 7.3 7.6 6.0 6.8 6.4 6.2 8.3 7.3 3.8 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.0 2.4
High cost of schooling 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 - 0.1 0.8 3.1 1.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - - - -
Must contribute to household income 13.0 12.9 13.0 18.0 18.1 18.0 24.4 21.2 22.8 18.6 13.9 16.2 32.4 25.7 28.9 32.4 20.3 26.4 31.4 26.9 29.1
Must help with household chores 20.7 14.6 17.8 20.7 15.2 18.3 19.1 16.8 18.0 13.3 8.1 10.7 11.3 5.7 8.4 9.2 8.0 8.6 9.1 6.6 7.8
Too poor N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. 15.9 15.9 15.9 14.5 12.9 13.7 11.0 15.2 13.1 11.9 10.5 11.2
Due to disability - Due to long term illness (over 3 months) 3.0 3.3 3.2 6.7 3.5 5.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.7 3.1 2.3 3.7 3.0
Too young N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. 17.4 18.9 18.2 12.3 14.7 13.6 16.9 21.6 19.2 20.6 18.5 19.6
Other 28.0 27.5 27.8 19.6 21.8 20.6 19.1 21.1 20.1 3.5 3.0 3.3 2.0 1.2 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.6
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
15. Currently attending non-formal school by age group and sex.
Percent      
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
6-14 - - - - - - - - - 6.5 5.9 6.2 5.0 6.6 5.8 5.3 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.3
15-24 - - - - - - - - - 7.2 8.3 7.8 8.4 9.5 9.0 5.9 8.1 7.0 6.9 9.1 8.0
6-24 - - - - - - - - - 6.9 7.2 7.0 6.8 8.1 7.5 5.6 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.7 6.2
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
16. Type of non-formal class among persons who are currently attending non-formal class by sex
Percent      
Type of non-formal class 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
Computer literacy - - - - - - - - - 3.6 4.3 4.0 - 3.7 2.6 5.1 5.6 5.3 6.0 9.4 7.8
Vocational training - - - - - - - - - 4.9 2.9 3.8 6.1 3.1 4.4 - - 1.7 8.9 7.9 8.4
Foreign Languages - - - - - - - - - 85.3 85.1 85.2 91.1 91.7 91.5 92.8 92.3 92.5 83.5 79.4 81.3
Literacy programmes - Others - - - - - - - - - 6.2 7.7 7 - - - - - - - - 2.5
Total - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
17. Persons aged 15 and over with at least completed primary education by age group and sex 
Percent.
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
15+ 28.0 48.0 37.3 33.8 52.7 42.7 35.9 53.6 44.1 36.2 54.1 44.7 38.4 56.5 47.0 41.7 59.2 50.0 42.6 59.6 50.7
15-24 43.8 54.1 48.9 55.1 64.6 59.8 62.4 67.9 65.1 61.0 65.7 63.4 66.2 69.6 67.9 71.0 73.3 72.2 71.0 74.6 72.8
25-34 30.7 52.5 41.2 35.0 50.9 42.9 36.5 55.3 45.7 38.1 55.7 46.5 42.9 58.7 50.6 44.7 61.4 53.0 47.3 62.8 55.0
35-44 17.8 43.1 29.5 26.1 50.9 37.8 29.2 52.2 39.6 28.5 52.1 39.7 30.2 56.2 42.3 35.9 56.0 45.4 36.3 56.1 45.9
45-54 19.9 41.2 28.8 20.9 37.4 28.0 19.1 37.8 27.3 16.0 36.3 24.9 15.5 37.2 25.1 18.3 43.1 29.6 18.5 42.8 29.4
55-64 13.9 43.3 26.3 13.4 44.2 26.4 11.8 40.8 24.2 17.9 45.3 29.6 14.3 38.1 24.2 15.3 42.3 26.5 16.3 41.3 26.4
65+ 3.0 24.3 11.8 5.1 33.0 16.0 5.3 25.9 14.2 5.9 32.6 17.0 4.9 33.3 16.5 5.2 31.7 15.5 7.6 32.0 17.7
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
18. Persons aged 18 and over with at least completed lower secondary school by age group and sex 
Percent.
Age group 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
18+ 10.5 22.1 15.9 12.8 25.2 18.6 13.0 25.1 18.6 13.9 26.2 19.6 14.8 29.0 21.5 17.1 31.2 23.7 17.9 30.7 24.0
18-24 18.8 29.0 23.8 24.7 33.2 28.9 27.6 35.7 31.5 27.3 37.3 32.3 31.8 41.4 36.7 36.1 45.9 41.0 36.6 44.3 40.4
25-34 11.1 24.2 17.5 14.2 26.5 20.3 14.5 27.9 21.1 15.3 28.5 21.6 16.7 33.2 24.8 19.3 33.2 26.2 20.9 34.1 27.5
35-44 6.1 17.3 11.3 9.4 26.2 17.3 10.5 24.0 16.6 10.7 24.5 17.2 12.8 29.8 20.7 12.9 29.0 20.5 13.5 28.4 20.7
45-54 9.3 19.0 13.4 7.4 16.4 11.3 6.3 17.8 11.4 6.3 14.9 10.1 4.4 13.0 8.2 6.6 21.2 13.2 6.9 20.2 12.9
55-64 5.7 17.8 10.8 5.9 19.1 11.5 3.0 15.7 8.4 6.9 18.6 11.9 3.8 14.4 8.2 5.3 18.3 10.7 6.2 15.9 10.1
65+ 1.4 10.7 5.2 1.2 8.7 4.1 1.1 8.6 4.3 2.1 11.3 5.9 2.0 12.0 6.1 1.3 8.5 4.1 1.4 11.8 5.7
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
19. Persons aged 25 years and over by educational attainment and sex
Percent.
Educational attainment 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes Women Men Both sexes
None or only some education 43.2 19.9 32.7 36.6 15.2 26.8 35.0 14.7 25.7 37.3 17.5 28.3 33.1 14.8 24.7 30.6 12.4 22.2 28.5 13.0 21.3
Primary school not completed 36.0 34.3 35.2 39.1 38.1 38.6 40.5 38.5 39.6 37.3 34.4 36.0 40.4 35.7 38.3 40.2 35.4 38.0 40.8 34.4 37.8
Primary school completed 12.3 24.8 17.9 14.7 23.9 18.9 15.5 24.8 19.7 15.4 25.7 20.1 16.5 24.9 20.3 17.7 25.8 21.5 18.3 26.3 22.0
Lower secondary completed 5.2 11.0 7.8 5.8 12.3 8.7 5.5 11.6 8.3 6.5 12.4 9.2 6.4 13.6 9.7 7.4 14.6 10.7 7.9 14.6 11.0
Upper secondary completed 1.9 6.2 3.8 2.4 7.2 4.6 2.1 6.6 4.2 2.4 6.4 4.2 2.5 7.3 4.7 2.8 7.5 5.0 2.9 7.3 5.0
Post-secondary education 0.5 2.2 1.3 1.0 2.8 1.8 1.1 3.4 2.2 1.0 3.3 2.0 1.1 3.6 2.2 1.3 4.1 2.6 1.6 4.4 2.9
Other 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 - - -
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)

20. Persons aged 25 years and over by educational attainment and geographical domain
Percent
Educational attainment 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural Cambodia Phnom Penh Other urban Other rural
None or only some education 32.7 10.9 25.3 36.9 26.8 8.8 22.6 30.0 25.7 9.7 18.8 29.0 28.3 8.6 16.4 32.8 24.7 8.0 14.1 28.5 22.2 3.6 12.7 26.3 21.3 6.4 14.6 24.9
Primary school not completed 35.2 25.0 31.6 37.2 38.6 22.5 35.0 41.5 39.6 21.9 38.2 42.4 36.0 23.1 31.8 38.4 38.3 23.3 32.9 41.1 38.0 21.4 30.7 41.5 37.8 22.6 28.7 41.9
Primary school completed 17.9 23.3 22.3 16.5 18.9 23.1 17.8 18.5 19.7 22.1 22.6 19.0 20.1 22.6 25.8 19.0 20.3 23.5 25.4 19.2 21.5 23.8 26.2 20.5 22.0 26.0 23.8 21.0
Lower secondary completed 7.8 17.1 11.4 6.0 8.7 17.8 12.6 6.9 8.3 15.4 10.2 7.0 9.2 18.6 15.0 7.1 9.7 17.9 15.7 7.8 10.7 21.6 16.5 8.2 11.0 20.4 16.8 8.4
Upper secondary completed 3.8 14.1 7.4 1.9 4.6 15.2 9.3 2.4 4.2 15.7 8.3 1.9 4.2 14.4 8.2 2.2 4.7 13.3 8.9 2.9 5.0 14.5 10.0 2.8 5.0 13.0 9.1 2.9
Post-secondary education 1.3 9.0 1.1 0.2 1.8 11.8 2.4 0.3 2.2 15.0 2.0 0.3 2.0 12.7 2.8 0.4 2.2 14.1 2.8 0.5 2.6 15.0 3.9 0.5 2.9 11.4 7.0 0.8
Other 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 - 0.0 0.2 0.0 - 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.1 - - - -
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)

21. Average annual expenses by level
Thousand Riels.
Educational level 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Pre-primary 43 64 46 107 227 382 194
Primary 44 61 79 111 156 216 273
Lower secondary 185 185 254 280 404 465 566
Upper secondary 427 423 529 663 741 868 1,020
Technical/vocational 1,291 1,522 1,314 2,024 1,351 1,781 3,604
Undergraduate/graduate 2,186 1,854 2,387 2,797 2,829 3,089 3,508
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
22. Average annual expenses by geographic domains
Thousand Riels.
Domain 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cambodia 153 177 242 339 411 521 628
Phnom Penh 763 746 1,116 1,310 1,283 1,511 1,417
Other urban 195 274 259 513 627 623 977
Other rural 55 84 114 177 259 347 452
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
23. Average annual expenses by sex
Thousand Riels.
Sex 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Women 138 173 235 318 363 475 600
Men 166 180 248 358 455 563 655
Both sexes 153 177 242 339 411 521 628
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
24. Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Net attendance ratio in primary education
2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary education 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.05 0.98 0.99
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
25. Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Net attendance ratio in lower secondary education
2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Lower secondary education 1.07 1.13 1.13 1.10 0.93 1.16 1.13
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)
26. Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Net attendance ratio in upper secondary education
2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Upper secondary education 0.98 0.98 0.93 0.95 1.01 1.18 0.79
Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES)